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Article Summaries:

  • Indium‑oxide semiconductors are attracting renewed interest as the semiconductor industry pushes toward monolithic 3‑D integration. Researchers can tune indium‑gallium‑oxide composition to balance transition voltage and mobility; Purdue’s team showed that low gallium with fluorine doping yields an on/off ratio of 10¹¹ and a 85 mV/dec sub‑threshold swing. Duke scientists replaced HfO₂ with ZrO₂ to achieve a positive threshold voltage up to 125 °C and projected 1.25 mA/µm on‑current in 20 nm channels. However, amorphous indium oxides suffer from bias‑temperature instability driven by oxygen vacancies and hydrogen from dielectric deposition, complicating reliable CMOS‑compatible integration.

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