• Birds currently inhabiting many territories across Africa, Latin America and Asia are, on average, considerably smaller than those that predominated in 1940. • This is the conclusion of an international study led by the Institute of Environmental Science and Technology at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), which documents-drawing on the collective ecological memory of 10 Indigenous Peoples and local communities-a reduction of up to 72% in the mean body mass of the bird species present in their territories between 1940 and 2020.

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