• Computer Science > Networking and Internet Architecture [Submitted on 19 Feb 2026] Title:End-to-End Latency Measurement Methodology for Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Teleoperation View PDF HTML (experimental)Abstract:Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) continue to evolve rapidly, and system latency remains one of their most critical performance parameters, particularly when vehicles are operated remotely. • Existing latency-assessment methodologies focus predominantly on Glass-to-Glass (G2G) latency, defined as the delay between an event occurring in the operational environment, its capture by a camera, and its subsequent display to the remote operator. • However, G2G latency accounts for only one component of the total delay experienced by the driver. • The complementary component, Motion-to-Motion (M2M) latency, represents the delay between the initiation of a control input by the remote driver and the corresponding physical actuation by the vehicle. • Together, M2M and G2G constitute the overall End-to-End (E2E) latency. • This paper introduces a measurement framework capable of quantifying M2M, G2G, and E2E latencies using gyroscopes, a phototransistor, and two GPS-synchronized Raspberry Pi 5 units.

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  • Computer Science > Networking and Internet Architecture [Submitted on 19 Feb 2026] Title:End-to-End Latency Measurement Methodology for Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Teleoperation View PDF HTML (experimental)Abstract:Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) continue to evolve rapidly, and system latency remains one of their most critical performance parameters, particularly when vehicles are operated remotely. Existing latency-assessment methodologies focus predominantly on Glass-to-Glass (G2G) latency, defined as the delay between an event occurring in the operational environment, its capt

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