• Computer Science > Networking and Internet Architecture [Submitted on 19 Feb 2026] Title:ACOS: Arrays of Cheap Optical Switches View PDF HTML (experimental)Abstract:Machine learning training places immense demands on cluster networks, motivating specialized architectures and co-design with parallelization strategies. • Recent designs incorporating optical circuit switches (OCSes) are promising, offering improved cost, power efficiency, and long-term bandwidth scaling than packet switches. • However, most existing approaches rely on costly high-radix OCSes and/or combine them with packet switches to achieve competitive performance at scale. • Unfortunately, high-radix OCSes are both expensive and slow to reconfigure, limiting both scalability and performance. • We propose Arrays of Cheap Optical Switches (ACOS), which bring application co-design directly to the structure of the reconfigurable fabric. • Using low-radix OCSes as building blocks, ACOS supports the forms of reconfiguration needed in training clusters including topology selection, workload adaptation, and failure resilience.
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- Computer Science > Networking and Internet Architecture [Submitted on 19 Feb 2026] Title:ACOS: Arrays of Cheap Optical Switches View PDF HTML (experimental)Abstract:Machine learning training places immense demands on cluster networks, motivating specialized architectures and co-design with parallelization strategies. Recent designs incorporating optical circuit switches (OCSes) are promising, offering improved cost, power efficiency, and long-term bandwidth scaling than packet switches. However, most existing approaches rely on costly high-radix OCSes and/or combine them with packet switches t
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